Pamapangidwe, mapangidwewo ndi gawo lofunikira.Chotsatira cha masanjidwewo chidzakhudza mwachindunji zotsatira za mawaya, kotero mutha kuganiza motere, kusanja koyenera ndi gawo loyamba pakupambana kwa mapangidwe a PCB.
Makamaka, kukonzedweratu ndi ndondomeko ya kulingalira za bolodi lonse, kutuluka kwa chizindikiro, kutentha kwa kutentha, kapangidwe ndi zomangamanga zina.Ngati kusanja koyambirira kukulephera, kuyesetsa kwambiri pambuyo pake kumakhala pachabe.
1. Ganizirani zonse
Kupambana kwa mankhwala kapena ayi, imodzi ndiyo kuganizira za khalidwe lamkati, chachiwiri ndikuganizira za aesthetics onse, onsewa ndi angwiro kuti aganizire kuti mankhwalawa ndi opambana.
Pa bolodi la PCB, masanjidwe a zigawo zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikhale zoyenera, zochepa komanso zadongosolo, osati zolemetsa kapena zolemetsa mutu.
Kodi PCB idzapunduka?
Kodi m'mphepete mwa ndondomeko ndi osungidwa?
Kodi MARK mapointi asungidwa?
Kodi ndikofunikira kupanga gululi?
Ndi zigawo zingati za bolodi, zomwe zingatsimikizire kuwongolera kwa impedance, kutchingira chizindikiro, kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, chuma, kukwaniritsa?
2. Kupatula zolakwika zapakatikati
Kodi kukula kwa bolodi losindikizidwa kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa zojambulazo?Kodi ingakwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga kwa PCB?Kodi pali choyikapo?
Zigawo ziwiri-dimensional, atatu-dimensional danga palibe mkangano?
Kodi masanjidwe a zigawozo ali mwadongosolo komanso mwaukhondo?Kodi nsalu zonse zatha?
Kodi zigawo zomwe zimafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi zitha kusinthidwa mosavuta?Kodi ndizosavuta kuyika bolodi loyika muzipangizo?
Kodi pali mtunda woyenera pakati pa chinthu chotenthetsera ndi chotenthetsera?
Kodi ndizosavuta kusintha magawo osinthika?
Kodi sinki yotenthetsera imayikidwa pomwe kutentha kumafunikira?Kodi mpweya ukuyenda bwino?
Kodi kuyenda kwa siginecha kuli kosalala komanso kulumikizana kwakufupi kwambiri?
Kodi mapulagi, soketi, ndi zina zotero zikutsutsana ndi kapangidwe ka makina?
Kodi vuto losokoneza mzere limaganiziridwa?
3. Bypass kapena decoupling capacitor
Mu mawaya, analogi ndi zipangizo zamakono zimafunikira mitundu iyi ya ma capacitor, iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi zikhomo zawo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi bypass capacitor, mtengo wa capacitance nthawi zambiri ndi 0.1μF. zikhomo zazifupi momwe zingathere kuti muchepetse kukana kwa inductive kwa mayikidwe, komanso pafupi kwambiri ndi chipangizocho.
Kuwonjezera bypass kapena decoupling capacitors ku bolodi, ndi kuyika kwa ma capacitors awa pa bolodi, ndi chidziwitso chofunikira pazithunzi zonse za digito ndi analogi, koma ntchito zawo ndizosiyana.Ma bypass capacitor nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma waya a analogi kuti adutse ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri kuchokera pamagetsi omwe mwina angalowetse tchipisi ta analogi movutikira kudzera pamapini amagetsi.Nthawi zambiri, mafupipafupi a ma siginoloji apamwambawa amaposa kuthekera kwa chipangizo cha analogi kuti atseke.Ngati ma bypass capacitor sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo a analogi, phokoso ndipo, pazovuta kwambiri, kugwedezeka kumatha kuyambitsidwa munjira yazizindikiro.Pazida zamagetsi monga olamulira ndi mapurosesa, ma capacitor odulira amafunikanso, koma pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Ntchito imodzi ya ma capacitor awa ndikuchita ngati banki "yaing'ono", chifukwa m'mabwalo a digito, kuchita kusintha kwa chipata (ie, kusinthana) nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuchuluka kwamakono, ndipo pamene kusinthana kumapangidwa pa chip ndi kutuluka. kudzera pa bolodi, ndizopindulitsa kukhala ndi ndalama zowonjezera "zopuma".” mtengo ndi wopindulitsa.Ngati palibe mtengo wokwanira wosinthira, zitha kuyambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwamagetsi operekera.Kusintha kwakukulu kwamagetsi kumatha kupangitsa kuti siginecha ya digito ifike m'malo osadziwika bwino ndipo mwina kupangitsa makina aboma pachipangizo cha digito kugwira ntchito molakwika.Kusintha kwaposachedwa komwe kumadutsa pamalumikizidwe a board kumapangitsa kuti voteji isinthe, chifukwa cha parasitic inductance ya board, kusintha kwa voliyumu kumatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi: V = Ldl/dt pomwe V = kusintha kwa voliyumu L = bolodi. alignment inductance dI = kusintha komwe kukuyenda mumayendedwe dt = nthawi yakusintha kwapano Chifukwa chake, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, mphamvu zamagetsi pamagetsi kapena zida zogwira ntchito pamapini amagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito Bypass (kapena decoupling) capacitors ndizochita zabwino kwambiri. .
Mphamvu yolowetsamo, ngati panopa ndi yaikulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kutalika ndi dera la kugwirizanitsa, musayendetse munda wonse.
Phokoso losinthira pazolowetsamo limodzi ndi ndege yotulutsa mphamvu.Phokoso losintha la chubu la MOS lamagetsi otulutsa limakhudza mphamvu yolowera kutsogolo.
Ngati pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha DCDC chamakono pa bolodi, pali maulendo osiyanasiyana, kusokoneza kwamakono ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba.
Choncho tiyenera kuchepetsa dera la athandizira magetsi kukumana kudzera-panopa pa izo.Chifukwa chake mukamayika magetsi, lingalirani zopewa kuthamangitsa mphamvu zonse.
4. Mizere yamagetsi ndi nthaka
Mizere yamagetsi ndi mizere yapansi imayikidwa bwino kuti ifanane, imatha kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic (EMl).Ngati mphamvu ndi mizere yapansi sizikugwirizana bwino, ndondomeko ya dongosolo idzapangidwa, ndipo ikhoza kutulutsa phokoso.Chitsanzo cha mphamvu zosagwirizana molakwika ndi mapangidwe a PCB apansi akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.Pa bolodi ili, gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mphamvu za nsalu ndi nthaka, chifukwa cha kukwanira kosayenera kumeneku, zida zamagetsi zamagulu ndi mizere ya electromagnetic interference (EMI) ndizowonjezereka.
5. Digital-analogi kupatukana
Pamapangidwe aliwonse a PCB, gawo la phokoso la dera ndi gawo la "chete" (gawo lopanda phokoso) kuti lilekanitsidwe.Kawirikawiri, dera la digito limatha kulekerera kusokoneza kwa phokoso, komanso kusagwirizana ndi phokoso (chifukwa dera la digito lili ndi kulekerera kwakukulu kwa phokoso);m'malo mwake, analogi dera voteji phokoso kulolerana ndi laling'ono kwambiri.Mwa awiriwa, mabwalo a analogi ndi omwe amamva phokoso lakusintha.Mu makina osakanikirana a ma wiring, mitundu iwiri ya mabwalo iyenera kupatulidwa.
Zoyambira zamawaya a board board zimagwira ntchito pa ma analogi ndi ma digito.Lamulo lofunika kwambiri ndilo kugwiritsa ntchito ndege yapansi yosasokonezeka.Lamulo lofunikirali limachepetsa mphamvu ya dI/dt (pano ndi nthawi) m'mabwalo a digito chifukwa mphamvu ya dI/dt imayambitsa kuthekera kwapansi ndikulola kuti phokoso lilowe mugawo la analogi.Njira zama waya zama digito ndi analogi ndizofanana, kupatula chinthu chimodzi.Chinthu china choyenera kukumbukira mabwalo a analogi ndikusunga mizere ya digito ndi malupu mu ndege yapansi kutali kwambiri ndi dera la analogi momwe mungathere.Izi zikhoza kutheka mwa kulumikiza ndege yapansi ya analogi padera ku mgwirizano wa pansi pa dongosolo, kapena poyika maulendo a analogi kumapeto kwa bolodi, kumapeto kwa mzere.Izi zachitika kuti kusokoneza kunja kwa njira ya chizindikiro kukhala yochepa.Izi sizofunika kwa mabwalo a digito, omwe amatha kulekerera phokoso lalikulu pamtunda wapansi popanda mavuto.
6. Kuganizira za kutentha
Mu masanjidwe ndondomeko, kufunika kuganizira kutentha dissipation mpweya ducts, kutentha dissipation akufa mapeto.
Zida zoteteza kutentha siziyenera kuyikidwa kumbuyo kwa mphepo yochokera ku mphepo.Yang'anani patsogolo pamakonzedwe a nyumba yovuta yochotsa kutentha monga DDR.Pewani kusintha mobwerezabwereza chifukwa cha kuyerekezera kutentha sikudutsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-30-2022