PCB mawaya kamangidwe, kwa kusintha kwa nsalu kudzera mlingo wa yathunthu ya njira, apa, kukupatsani PCB mapangidwe kusintha mlingo wa nsalu kudzera mlingo wa mamangidwe dzuwa ndi njira zothandiza, osati makasitomala kupulumutsa projekiti yozungulira, komanso kukulitsa mtundu wamapangidwe omalizidwa.
1. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa zigawo za PCB
Kukula kwa bolodi lozungulira ndi zigawo zamawaya ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwewo.Ngati kamangidwe amafuna ntchito mkulu-kachulukidwe gululi gululi zigawo (BGA) zigawo zikuluzikulu, m'pofunika kuganizira osachepera angapo zigawo mawaya chofunika mawaya zipangizo zimenezi.Chiwerengero cha zigawo za mawaya ndi njira yopangira stack-up imakhudza mwachindunji mawaya ndi kusokoneza kwa mawaya osindikizidwa.Kukula kwa bolodi kumathandiza kudziwa njira yosungiramo katundu ndi m'lifupi mwa mawaya osindikizidwa kuti akwaniritse mapangidwe omwe akufuna.
Nthawi zonse zimaganiziridwa kuti zigawo zochepa za bolodi zimatsika mtengo, koma pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wopangira bolodi.M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa matabwa a multilayer kwachepetsedwa kwambiri.Ndi bwino kuyambitsa mapangidwe ndi zigawo zambiri zozungulira ndi kufalitsa mkuwa mofanana kuti musakakamizidwe kuwonjezera zigawo zatsopano pafupi ndi mapeto a mapangidwe pamene zizindikiro zochepa zimawoneka kuti sizikugwirizana ndi malamulo ndi malo. zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa.Kukonzekera mosamala musanayambe kupanga kudzachepetsa mawaya muvuto lalikulu.
2. Kupanga malamulo ndi zoletsa
Mizere yosiyana ya zizindikiro imakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana za wiring, kugawa zofunikira zonse zapadera za mzere wa chizindikiro, magulu osiyanasiyana apangidwe sali ofanana.Gulu lililonse lazizindikiro liyenera kukhala loyamba, kukweza patsogolo, kukhwimitsa malamulo.Malamulowa akukhudzana ndi kukula kwa waya wosindikizidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma vias, kufanana, kuyanjana kwa mzere wa chizindikiro, ndi malire osanjikiza, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya chida cha cabling.Kuganizira mozama zofunikira za mapangidwe ndi sitepe yofunikira pa mawaya opambana.
3. Mapangidwe a zigawo
Pofuna kukhathamiritsa ndondomeko ya msonkhano, malamulo a Design for Manufacturability (DFM) amaika malire pamapangidwe azinthu.Ngati dipatimenti ya msonkhano imalola kusuntha kwa gawo, dera limatha kukonzedwa moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga mawaya.Malamulo ofotokozedwa ndi zolepheretsa zimakhudza mapangidwe apangidwe.
Njira zoyendetsera njira ndi madera ziyenera kuganiziridwa panthawi yokonza.Njira izi ndi zigawo zoonekeratu kwa mlengi, koma zodziwikiratu mawaya chida kokha kuganizira chizindikiro pa nthawi, poika zopinga mawaya ndi anapereka wosanjikiza wa mzere chizindikiro kungakhale nsalu, mukhoza kupanga mawaya chida akhoza kukhala ngati. mlengiyo anaganiza kuti akamaliza mawaya.
4. Mapangidwe a fan-out
Kukupiza mu kamangidwe siteji, kuti athe yodziwikiratu mawaya zida kuti chigawo zikhomo kulumikiza, pamwamba phiri zipangizo, aliyense pini ayenera kukhala bowo limodzi, kotero kuti pakufunika kugwirizana zambiri, bolodi akhoza olumikizidwa kwa wosanjikiza wamkati, kuyezetsa m'madera (ICT) ndi kukonzanso dera.
Kuti chida cholumikizira makina chikhale chogwira mtima kwambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chachikulu kwambiri kudzera pa kukula ndi waya wosindikizidwa, malo okhala ndi ma 50 mils amakhala abwino.Gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wa vias womwe umakulitsa kuchuluka kwa njira zolowera.Mukamapanga za fan-out, ganizirani kuyesa kwa in-circuit.Mayesero amatha kukhala okwera mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri amayitanidwa pamene kupanga kwathunthu kwatsala pang'ono, ndipo ndichedwa kwambiri kuti muganizire kuwonjezera ma node kuti mukwaniritse 100% kuyesa.
Pambuyo poganizira mozama komanso kuyembekezera, mapangidwe a kuyezetsa mayendedwe ozungulira atha kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa kamangidwe kake ndikuzindikirika pambuyo pake popanga, ndi mtundu wa mafani-kunja omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yolumikizira ma waya ndi kuyezetsa kuzungulira kuzungulira, ndi mphamvu ndi kuyika pansi kumakhudzanso mapangidwe a mawaya ndi mafani.Pofuna kuchepetsa inductance impedance kwaiye fyuluta capacitor kugwirizana mzere, pamwamba-dzenje ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi zikhomo za pamwamba phiri chipangizo, ngati n'koyenera, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamanja njira, amene angakhudze lingaliro loyambirira la njira yolumikizira mawaya, ndipo lingakupangitseni kuti muganizirenso za kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uti wa bowo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za ubale pakati pa bowo ndi pini inductive impedance ndikuyika patsogolo pamwamba-bowo specifications.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2023