1. Kapangidwe kagawo
Kukonzekera kumayenderana ndi zofunikira za schema yamagetsi ndi kukula kwa zigawozo, zigawozi zimakhala zofanana komanso zimakonzedwa bwino pa PCB, ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina ndi zamagetsi zamakina.Kamangidwe wololera kapena osati kumakhudza ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa PCB msonkhano ndi makina, komanso zimakhudza PCB ndi msonkhano wake processing ndi kukonza mlingo wa zovuta, choncho yesetsani kuchita zotsatirazi pamene masanjidwe:
Kugawa kofanana kwa zigawo, gawo lomwelo la zigawo zozungulira liyenera kukhala lokhazikika, kuti zithandizire kukonza zolakwika ndi kukonza.
Zopangira zolumikizira ziyenera kukonzedwa moyandikana kwambiri kuti zithandizire kukulitsa kachulukidwe ka mawaya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali mtunda waufupi kwambiri pakati pa mayanidwe.
Zigawo zowonongeka ndi kutentha, makonzedwe ayenera kukhala kutali ndi zigawo zomwe zimapanga kutentha kwakukulu.
Zida zomwe zitha kusokoneza ma electromagnetic wina ndi mnzake ziyenera kutetezedwa kapena kudzipatula.
2. Malamulo a waya
Mawaya amayenderana ndi chithunzi chamagetsi, tebulo la kondakitala komanso kufunika kwa m'lifupi ndi matayala a waya wosindikizidwa, waya ayenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
Pokwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito, mawaya amatha kukhala ophweka ngati sali ovuta kusankha dongosolo la njira zamawaya amtundu umodzi wosanjikiza wapawiri → zosanjikiza zambiri.
Mawaya pakati pa mbale ziwiri zogwirizanitsa amaikidwa mwachidule momwe angathere, ndipo zizindikiro zowonongeka ndi zizindikiro zazing'ono zimapita poyamba kuchepetsa kuchedwa ndi kusokoneza zizindikiro zazing'ono.Mzere wolowera wa dera la analogi uyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi chishango cha waya wapansi;mzere womwewo wa masanjidwe a waya uyenera kugawidwa mofanana;gawo la conductive pagawo lililonse liyenera kukhala loyenera kuti lisasokoneze gululo.
Mizere yosinthira kuti isinthe kolowera iyenera kupita ku diagonal kapena kusintha kosalala, ndipo utali wokulirapo wopindika ndi wabwino kupewa kuyika kwa magetsi, kuwonetsa ma siginecha ndikupanga zopinga zina.
Mabwalo a digito ndi mabwalo a analogi mu mawaya ayenera kupatulidwa kuti apewe kusokonezana, monga mugawo lomwelo liyenera kukhala dongosolo lapansi la mabwalo awiriwo ndipo mawaya amagetsi amayikidwa mosiyana, mizere yolumikizira ma frequency osiyanasiyana iyenera kuyikidwa. pakati pa nthaka waya kulekana kupewa crosstalk.Kuti muyesere mosavuta, kapangidwe kake kayenera kuyika zopumira zofunika komanso zoyeserera.
Dera zigawo maziko, olumikizidwa ku magetsi pamene mayikidwe ayenera kukhala lalifupi monga zotheka kuchepetsa kukana mkati.
The chapamwamba ndi m'munsi zigawo ayenera perpendicular wina ndi mzake kuchepetsa kugwirizana, musati agwirizane chapamwamba ndi m'munsi zigawo kapena kufanana.
Mayendedwe othamanga kwambiri a mizere ingapo ya I/O ndi amplifier yosiyanitsa, kutalika kwa mzere wa amplifier wa IO kuyenera kukhala kofanana kupeŵa kuchedwa kosafunikira kapena kusintha kwa gawo.
Pamene pad solder chikugwirizana ndi dera lalikulu la conductive dera, waya woonda kutalika osachepera 0.5mm ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzipatula matenthedwe, ndipo m'lifupi waya woonda sayenera zosakwana 0.13mm.
Waya womwe uli pafupi kwambiri ndi m'mphepete mwa bolodi, mtunda wochokera pamphepete mwa bolodi losindikizidwa uyenera kukhala waukulu kuposa 5mm, ndipo waya wapansi ukhoza kukhala pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa bolodi pakufunika.Ngati kusindikizidwa bolodi processing kuti anaikapo mu kalozera, waya kuchokera m'mphepete mwa bolodi ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa mtunda wa kalozera kagawo kuya.
Bolodi lokhala ndi mbali ziwiri pa mizere yamagetsi ya anthu ndi mawaya oyambira, momwe angathere, atayikidwa pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa bolodi, ndikugawidwa pamaso pa bolodi.Multilayer bolodi akhoza kukhazikitsidwa mu wosanjikiza wamkati wosanjikiza magetsi wosanjikiza ndi nthaka wosanjikiza, kudzera dzenje metalized ndi mzere mphamvu ndi kugwirizana pansi waya kugwirizana aliyense wosanjikiza, wosanjikiza wamkati wa dera lalikulu la waya ndi mphamvu mzere, nthaka. waya ayenera kupangidwa ngati ukonde, akhoza kusintha mphamvu yomangira pakati pa zigawo za bolodi la multilayer.
3. Waya m'lifupi
Kuchuluka kwa waya wosindikizidwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi katundu wamakono wa waya, kutentha kovomerezeka kukwera ndi kumamatira kwa zojambulazo zamkuwa.General kusindikizidwa bolodi waya m'lifupi zosachepera 0.2mm, makulidwe a 18μm kapena kuposa.Waya woonda kwambiri, ndizovuta kwambiri kukonza, kotero mu malo opangira ma waya amalola kuti zinthu zitheke, ziyenera kukhala zoyenera kusankha waya wokulirapo, mfundo zamapangidwe anthawi zonse ndi izi:
Mizere ya siginecha iyenera kukhala yofanana makulidwe, yomwe imathandizira kufananiza kofananira, kuchuluka kwa mzere wovomerezeka wa 0.2 mpaka 0.3mm (812mil), ndipo poyambira magetsi, kukulitsa malo olumikiziranawo ndikoyenera kuchepetsa kusokoneza.Kwa zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri, ndi bwino kuteteza mzere wapansi, womwe ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira.
M'mabwalo othamanga kwambiri ndi mabwalo a microwave, mawonekedwe odziwika bwino a chingwe chotumizira, pomwe m'lifupi ndi makulidwe a waya ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za impedance.
Mu mapangidwe apamwamba a dera, mphamvu yamagetsi iyeneranso kuganiziridwa panthawiyi iyenera kuganizira za kukula kwa mzere, makulidwe ndi katundu wotchinjiriza pakati pa mizere.Ngati woyendetsa wamkati, kachulukidwe kameneka kamaloledwa ndi theka la kokondakita wakunja.
4. Kutalikirana kwa waya
The kutchinjiriza kukana pakati kusindikizidwa bolodi pamwamba conductors anatsimikiza ndi waya katayanitsidwe, kutalika kwa zigawo kufanana wa mawaya moyandikana, kutchinjiriza TV (kuphatikizapo gawo lapansi ndi mpweya), mu danga mawaya amalola zinthu, ayenera kukhala oyenera kuwonjezera waya katayanitsidwe. .
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-18-2022