Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito ya Cystal Oscillator

Chidule cha crystal oscillator

Crystal oscillator amatanthauza mtanda wodulidwa kuchokera ku kristalo wa quartz molingana ndi azimuth Angle, quartz crystal resonator, yotchedwa quartz crystal kapena crystal oscillator;Chinthu cha kristalo chokhala ndi IC chowonjezeredwa mkati mwa phukusi chimatchedwa crystal oscillator.Zogulitsa zake nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo, komanso m'magalasi, zitsulo kapena pulasitiki.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya crystal oscillator

Quartz crystal oscillator ndi chipangizo chomveka chopangidwa ndi piezoelectric zotsatira za quartz crystal.Zolemba zake zazikulu zimakhala motere: Kuchokera ku kristalo wa quartz molingana ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka azimuth, yokutidwa ndi siliva wosanjikiza pazigawo zake ziwiri zofanana monga maelekitirodi, waya wonyezimira paelekitirodi iliyonse akugwirizana ndi pini, kuphatikizapo chipolopolo cha phukusi. quartz crystal resonator, yotchedwa quartz crystal kapena crystal, crystal vibration.Zogulitsa zake nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo, komanso m'magalasi, zitsulo kapena pulasitiki.

Ngati malo amagetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito pa maelekitirodi awiri a kristalo wa quartz, chip chimawonongeka mwadongosolo.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati kukakamizidwa kwa makina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbali zonse za chip, gawo lamagetsi lidzapangidwa motsatira njira ya chip.Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa piezoelectric effect.Ngati ma voliyumu osinthana agwiritsidwa ntchito pamitengo iwiri ya chip, chipcho chimatulutsa kugwedezeka kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsanso magawo amagetsi amagetsi.

Ambiri, matalikidwe a makina kugwedera Chip ndi matalikidwe a alternating munda magetsi ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, koma pamene pafupipafupi ntchito alternating voteji ndi mtengo enieni, matalikidwe ukuwonjezeka kwambiri, lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mafurikwense ena mafurikwense. , chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa piezoelectric resonance, yomwe ili yofanana kwambiri ndi resonance ya dera la LC.Mafupipafupi ake amalumikizana ndi njira yodulira, geometry ndi kukula kwa chip.

Pamene krustalo si kunjenjemera, akhoza kuonedwa ngati lathyathyathya capacitor wotchedwa electrostatic capacitance C, ndipo kukula kwake n'zogwirizana ndi geometric kukula kwa chip ndi dera la elekitirodi, zambiri pafupifupi njira khungu pang'ono njira zambiri khungu. .Pamene crystal oscillates, inertia ya kugwedezeka kwa makina kumakhala kofanana ndi inductance L. Kawirikawiri, ma L amachokera ku makumi mpaka mazana a madigiri.Kuthamanga kwa chip kungakhale kofanana ndi capacitance C, yomwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, nthawi zambiri 0.0002 ~ 0.1 piccograms.Kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukangana panthawi ya kugwedezeka kwa wafer ndikofanana ndi R, yomwe ili ndi mtengo wa pafupifupi 100 ohms.Chifukwa inductance yofanana ya chip ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo C ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, R imakhalanso yaing'ono, kotero khalidwe la Q la derali ndi lalikulu kwambiri, mpaka 1000 ~ 10000. Kuphatikiza apo, kubwerezabwereza kwa chip palokha. kwenikweni zimangogwirizana ndi njira yodulira, geometry ndi kukula kwa chip, ndipo zimatha kuchitidwa ndendende, kotero kuti dera la oscillator lopangidwa ndi ma quartz resonator limatha kupeza kukhazikika kwafupipafupi.

Makompyuta ali ndi nthawi yoyendera nthawi, ndipo ngakhale mawu oti “wotchi” amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza zida izi, kwenikweni siwotchi mwachizolowezi.Akhoza kutchedwa bwino nthawi.Chowerengera chapakompyuta nthawi zambiri chimakhala chopangidwa bwino kwambiri ndi quartz crystal yomwe imayenda mkati mwa malire ake pafupipafupi zomwe zimatengera momwe kristaloyo imadulidwa komanso kupsinjika komwe kumachitika.Pali zolembera ziwiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kristalo wa quartz, kauntala ndi kaundula.Kuthamanga kulikonse kwa kristalo wa quartz kumachepetsa kauntala ndi imodzi.Kauntala ikatsika kufika pa 0, kusokoneza kumapangidwa ndipo kauntala imakwezanso mtengo woyambira kuchokera ku kaundula.Njirayi imapangitsa kuti zitheke kukonza chowerengera kuti chipange zosokoneza 60 pamphindikati (kapena pafupipafupi kwina kulikonse).Kusokoneza kulikonse kumatchedwa tick clock.

M'mawu amagetsi, crystal oscillator ikhoza kukhala yofanana ndi ma network awiri a capacitor ndi resistor mu kufanana ndi capacitor mndandanda.Muukadaulo wamagetsi, maukondewa ali ndi magawo awiri a resonance, omwe amagawidwa kukhala ma frequency apamwamba komanso otsika.Mafupipafupi apansi ndi mndandanda wa resonance, ndipo maulendo apamwamba ndi ofanana ndi resonance.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kristalo wokha, mtunda wapakati pa ma frequency awiriwo uli pafupi kwambiri.Pafupipafupi pafupipafupi, crystal oscillator ndi yofanana ndi inductor, malinga ngati malekezero awiri a crystal oscillator akugwirizanitsidwa mofanana ndi ma capacitor oyenerera, adzapanga dera lofanana la resonance.Dongosolo lofananirali lofananirali litha kuwonjezeredwa kugawo loyipa la mayankho kuti apange dera la sinusoidal oscillation.Chifukwa maulendo afupipafupi a crystal oscillator ofanana ndi inductance ndi ochepa kwambiri, mafupipafupi a oscillator awa sangasinthe kwambiri ngakhale magawo a zigawo zina amasiyana kwambiri.

Crystal oscillator ali ndi chizindikiro chofunika, ndiye katundu capacitance mtengo, kusankha kufanana capacitance wofanana katundu capacitance mtengo, angapeze mwadzina kumveka kumveka pafupipafupi kristalo oscillator.General vibration crystal oscillation circuit ali pamphepete mwa inverting amplifier yolumikizidwa ndi makhiristo ali ndi capacitance iwiri imalandira malekezero a makhiristo, motero mphamvu iliyonse kumbali ina ya kulandira, mphamvu ya ma capacitor awiri mumtengo wapatali ayenera kukhala wofanana. ku kuchuluka kwa katundu, chonde tcherani khutu ku ma IC pins omwe ali ndi mphamvu yofananira, izi sizinganyalanyazidwe.Nthawi zambiri, capacitance ya crystal oscillator ndi 15 kapena 12.5 khungu.Ngati mphamvu yolowera yofanana ya zikhomo zamagulu ikuganiziridwa, dera la oscillation la crystal oscillator lopangidwa ndi ma capacitor awiri a 22 khungu ndilobwino.