Njira yoyambira ya PCB yoyambira ndi motere:
Kukonzekeratu → kamangidwe ka PCB → tebulo lowongolera pa netiweki → kukhazikitsa malamulo → masanjidwe a PCB → waya → kukhathamiritsa mawaya ndi kusindikiza pazenera → ma network ndi DRC fufuzani ndi mawonekedwe → kupenta kotulutsa → kuwunika kwapaintaneti → Kupanga kwa bolodi la PCB / zidziwitso zachitsanzo → PCB kutsimikizira kwa board fakitale ya EQ → kutulutsa zambiri za SMD → kumaliza kwa polojekiti.
1: Kukonzekeratu
Izi zikuphatikizapo kukonzekera phukusi laibulale ndi schematic.Mapangidwe a PCB asanachitike, konzani kaye phukusi la SCH logic ndi laibulale ya PCB.Laibulale ya phukusi ikhoza PADS imabwera ndi laibulale, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza yolondola, ndibwino kuti mupange laibulale yanu ya phukusi kutengera kukula kwa chipangizo chomwe mwasankha.Kwenikweni, choyamba chitani laibulale ya phukusi la PCB, ndiyeno chitani phukusi la SCH logic.PCB phukusi laibulale ndi wovuta kwambiri, zimakhudza mwachindunji unsembe wa bolodi;Zofunikira za phukusi la SCH logic ndizotayirira, bola ngati mumvera tanthauzo la ma pini abwino ndi makalata ndi phukusi la PCB pamzere.PS: tcherani khutu ku laibulale yokhazikika ya zikhomo zobisika.Pambuyo pake ndi mapangidwe a schema, okonzeka kuyamba kupanga mapangidwe a PCB.
2: Mapangidwe a PCB
Sitepe malinga ndi kukula kwa bolodi ndi masanjidwe makina wakhala anatsimikiza, ndi PCB kamangidwe chilengedwe kujambula PCB bolodi pamwamba, ndi udindo zofunika masungidwe a zolumikizira chofunika, makiyi / masiwichi, mabowo wononga, mabowo msonkhano, etc. Ndipo ganizirani mozama ndikuzindikira malo opangira mawaya ndi malo osagwirizana ndi mawaya (monga kuchuluka kozungulira bowo la screw komwe kuli malo omwe siawiri).
3: Kuwongolera maukonde
Ndikoyenera kuitanitsa chimango cha bolodi musanayambe kuitanitsa netlist.Lowetsani mawonekedwe a board a DXF kapena chimango cha bolodi la emn.
4: Kukhazikitsa malamulo
Malinga ndi mapangidwe enieni a PCB akhoza kukhazikitsidwa lamulo lololera, tikukamba za malamulo ndi PADS constraint manager, kupyolera mwa woyang'anira zopinga mu gawo lililonse la ndondomeko ya mapangidwe a mzere wa mzere ndi zolepheretsa malo otetezeka, sakukwaniritsa zopinga. Kuzindikiridwa kotsatira kwa DRC, kudzalembedwa ndi Zolemba za DRC.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ambiri kumayikidwa patsogolo pa masanjidwewo chifukwa nthawi zina ntchito ya fanout iyenera kumalizidwa panthawi ya masanjidwe, kotero kuti malamulo amayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamaso pa fanout, ndipo ntchito yojambula ikakhala yayikulu, mapangidwewo amatha kumalizidwa bwino.
Zindikirani: Malamulowa amakhazikitsidwa kuti amalize kupanga bwino komanso mwachangu, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuti atsogolere wopanga.
Zokonda zokhazikika ndizo.
1. M'lifupi mwake mizere/mizere yotalikirana pamasinthidwe wamba.
2. Sankhani ndi kukhazikitsa pamwamba-bowo
3. M'lifupi mwa mzere ndi zoikamo mtundu kwa zizindikiro zofunika ndi magetsi.
4. bolodi wosanjikiza zoikamo.
5: mawonekedwe a PCB
Kamangidwe kake molingana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi.
(1) Malinga ndi mphamvu zamagetsi za gawo lololera, lomwe limagawidwa kukhala: dera la digito (ndiko kuopa kusokonezedwa, komanso kupanga kusokoneza), dera la analogi (kuopa kusokonezedwa), malo oyendetsa magetsi (zosokoneza) ).
(2) kuti amalize ntchito yomweyi ya dera, iyenera kuikidwa pafupi kwambiri, ndikusintha zigawozo kuti zitsimikizire kugwirizana kwachidule;panthawi imodzimodziyo, sinthani malo omwe ali pakati pa midadada yogwira ntchito kuti mugwirizane kwambiri pakati pa midadada yogwira ntchito.
(3) Pakuti unyinji wa zigawo zikuluzikulu ayenera kuganizira unsembe malo ndi unsembe mphamvu;zigawo zopangira kutentha ziyenera kuikidwa mosiyana ndi zigawo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndipo njira zoyendetsera kutentha ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati pakufunika.
(4) Zida zoyendetsa I / O zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi mbali ya bolodi yosindikizidwa, pafupi ndi cholumikizira chotsogolera.
(5) jenereta ya wotchi (monga: crystal kapena clock oscillator) kuti ikhale pafupi kwambiri ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pawotchi.
(6) mu dera lililonse lophatikizika pakati pa pini yolowera mphamvu ndi nthaka, muyenera kuwonjezera capacitor decoupling (nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apamwamba a monolithic capacitor);board space ndi wandiweyani, mutha kuwonjezera tantalum capacitor mozungulira mabwalo angapo ophatikizika.
(7) koyilo yopatsirana kuwonjezera diode yotulutsa (1N4148 can).
(8) Zofunikira za masanjidwe kuti zikhale zokhazikika, zadongosolo, osati zolemetsa mutu kapena kuzama.
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kuyika kwa zigawo, tiyenera kuganizira kukula kwenikweni kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu (dera ndi kutalika wotanganidwa), udindo wachibale pakati pa zigawo zikuluzikulu kuonetsetsa magetsi ntchito ya bolodi ndi kuthekera ndi mayiko kupanga ndi unsembe pa nthawi yomweyo, ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti mfundo pamwamba zikhoza kuonekera pa maziko a zosintha koyenera kuyika kwa chipangizo, kuti ndi mwaukhondo ndi wokongola, monga chipangizo chomwecho kuikidwa mwaukhondo, njira yomweyo.Sizingayikidwe mu "zambirimbiri".
Gawoli likugwirizana ndi chithunzi chonse cha bolodi ndi zovuta za waya wotsatira, choncho kuyesetsa pang'ono kuyenera kuganiziridwa.Mukayala bolodi, mutha kupanga mawaya oyambira kumalo omwe sali otsimikiza, ndikuganiziranso mokwanira.
6: Chingwe
Wiring ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri pamapangidwe onse a PCB.Izi mwachindunji zimakhudza ntchito ya bolodi PCB zabwino kapena zoipa.Pakupanga kwa PCB, mawaya nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo atatu ogawa.
Choyamba ndi nsalu kudzera, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe a PCB.Ngati mizereyo siiyikidwa, kotero kuti paliponse pali mzere wowuluka, udzakhala bolodi losavomerezeka, kunena kwake, silinayambe.
Chotsatira ndi machitidwe amagetsi kuti akumane.Ichi ndi muyeso ngati kusindikizidwa dera bolodi oyenerera miyezo.Izi ndi pambuyo nsalu kupyolera, mosamala kusintha mawaya, kuti athe kukwaniritsa bwino magetsi ntchito.
Ndiye pakubwera aesthetics.Ngati mawaya anu nsalu kupyola, palibe chimene chingakhudze mphamvu ya magetsi a malo, koma kuyang'ana m'mbuyo mwachisawawa, kuphatikiza zokongola, maluwa, kuti ngakhale mphamvu yanu magetsi ndi zabwino bwanji, pamaso pa ena kapena chidutswa cha zinyalala. .Izi zimabweretsa kusokoneza kwakukulu pakuyesa ndi kukonza.Mawaya ayenera kukhala audongo komanso owoneka bwino, osadumphadumpha popanda malamulo.Izi ndizowonetsetsa kuti magetsi akugwira ntchito ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zina kuti akwaniritse mlanduwo, apo ayi ndikuyika ngolo patsogolo pa kavalo.
Wiring malinga ndi mfundo zotsatirazi.
(1) Kawirikawiri, yoyamba iyenera kukhala ndi mawaya kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu ndi mizere yapansi kuti iwonetsetse kuti magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito.M'malire amikhalidwe, yesetsani kukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi, m'lifupi mwa mzere wapansi, makamaka mokulirapo kuposa chingwe chamagetsi, ubale wawo ndi: mzere wapansi> chingwe chamagetsi> mzere wamakina, nthawi zambiri m'lifupi mwake: 0.2 ~ 0.3mm (pafupifupi 0.2 ~ 0.3mm). 8-12mil), thinnest m'lifupi mpaka 0.05 ~ 0.07mm (2-3mil), chingwe mphamvu zambiri 1.2 ~ 2.5mm (50-100mil).100 mil)The PCB wa mabwalo digito angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga dera lonse mawaya pansi, ndiko kuti, kupanga maukonde pansi ntchito (analogi dera nthaka sangagwiritsidwe ntchito motere).
(2) kulumikiza zisanachitike zofunikira za mzere (monga mizere yothamanga kwambiri), mizere yolowera ndi yotuluka iyenera kupewedwa moyandikana ndi zofanana, kuti zisatulutse zosokoneza.Ngati ndi kotheka, pansi kudzipatula ayenera kuwonjezeredwa, ndi mawaya awiri moyandikana zigawo ayenera perpendicular kwa mzake, kufanana mosavuta kubala parasitic kugwirizana.
(3) oscillator chipolopolo grounding, mzere wotchi ayenera kukhala lalifupi ngati n'kotheka, ndipo sangakhoze kutsogoleredwa kulikonse.Clock oscillation circuit m'munsimu, gawo lapadera lothamanga kwambiri kuti muwonjezere malo apansi, ndipo sayenera kupita mizere ina yamagetsi kuti malo amagetsi ozungulira azikhala ziro;
(4) momwe ndingathere pogwiritsa ntchito 45 ° pindani mawaya, musagwiritse ntchito 90 ° khola, kuti muchepetse ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri;(zofunika kwambiri za mzerewu zimagwiritsanso ntchito mizere iwiri ya arc)
(5) mizere yamtundu uliwonse simapanga malupu, monga osapeŵeka, malupu ayenera kukhala ochepa momwe angathere;mizere yolumikizira iyenera kukhala ndi mabowo ochepa momwe ndingathere.
(6) mzere wachinsinsi ukhale waufupi komanso wokhuthala momwe mungathere, ndi mbali zonse ziwiri ndi malo otetezera.
(7) kudzera pa chingwe chathyathyathya chotumizira ma siginecha tcheru ndi ma siginecha amtundu waphokoso, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "ground - signal - ground" kuti ituluke.
(8) Zizindikiro zazikulu ziyenera kusungidwa pazoyesa kuti zithandizire kuyesa kupanga ndi kukonza
(9) Mawaya a schematic akatha, waya ayenera kukonzedwa;pa nthawi yomweyo, pambuyo cheke koyamba maukonde ndi DRC cheke ndi zolondola, malo unwired kudzazidwa pansi, ndi dera lalikulu la mkuwa wosanjikiza pansi, mu bolodi losindikizidwa dera si ntchito pa malo olumikizidwa pansi monga pansi.Kapena pangani bolodi lamitundu yambiri, mphamvu ndi nthaka iliyonse ikhale yosanjikiza.
Zofunikira zama waya za PCB (zitha kukhazikitsidwa m'malamulo)
(1) Mzere
Ambiri, chizindikiro mzere m'lifupi mwake 0.3mm (12mil), mphamvu mzere m'lifupi mwake 0.77mm (30mil) kapena 1.27mm (50mil);pakati pa mzere ndi mzere ndi mtunda pakati pa mzere ndi pad ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 0.33mm (13mil), ntchito yeniyeni, mikhalidwe iyenera kuganiziridwa pamene mtunda ukuwonjezeka.
Mawaya kachulukidwe ndi mkulu, akhoza kuganiziridwa (koma osavomerezeka) kugwiritsa ntchito zikhomo IC pakati pa mizere iwiri, mzere m'lifupi mwake 0.254mm (10mil), mzere katayanitsidwe si zosakwana 0.254mm (10mil).Muzochitika zapadera, pamene zikhomo za chipangizo zimakhala zowonda komanso zochepetsetsa, m'lifupi mwake ndi mzere wa mzere ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ngati kuli koyenera.
(2) Pads Solder (PAD)
Solder pad (PAD) ndi transition hole (VIA) zofunika zofunika ndi: awiri a litayamba kuposa awiri a dzenje kukhala wamkulu kuposa 0.6mm;Mwachitsanzo, ambiri cholinga pini resistors, capacitors ndi madera Integrated, etc., ntchito litayamba / dzenje kukula 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), sockets, zikhomo ndi diode 1N4007, etc., ntchito 1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil/39mil).Ntchito zothandiza, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa kukula kwenikweni kwa zigawo kuti zizindikire, zikapezeka, zingakhale zoyenera kuonjezera kukula kwa pad.
PCB bolodi kamangidwe kabowo wokwera ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa kukula kwenikweni kwa chigawo zikhomo 0.2 ~ 0.4mm (8-16mil) kapena choncho.
(3) pabowo (VIA)
Nthawi zambiri 1.27mm/0.7mm (50mil/28mil).
Pamene kachulukidwe ka mawaya ali okwera, kukula kwa dzenje kungathe kuchepetsedwa moyenera, koma sikuyenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri, 1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil) ikhoza kuganiziridwa.
(4) Zofunikira zosiyaniranapo za pedi, mzere ndi ma vias
PAD ndi VIA: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
PAD ndi PAD: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
PAD ndi TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
TRACK ndi TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Pakachulukidwe kwambiri.
PAD ndi VIA: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
PAD ndi PAD: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
PAD ndi TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
TRACK ndi TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
7: Kukhathamiritsa kwa waya ndi silkscreen
“Palibe chabwino koposa, chabwinoko”!Ziribe kanthu kuti mumakumba mochuluka bwanji, mukamaliza kujambula, ndiye kuti mupite kukayang'ana, mudzamvabe kuti malo ambiri akhoza kusinthidwa.Zomwe zimapangidwira ndizoti zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ziwongolere mawaya monga momwe zimakhalira poyambira mawaya.Mutamva kuti palibe malo oti musinthe, mukhoza kuyala mkuwa.Kuyika kwa mkuwa nthawi zambiri kuyika pansi (tcherani khutu pakulekanitsa kwa analogi ndi digito), bolodi yamagulu angapo ingafunikirenso kuyala mphamvu.Mukamapanga silkscreen, samalani kuti musatsekedwe ndi chipangizocho kapena kuchotsedwa ndi bowo ndi pad.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwewo akuyang'ana kumbali ya chigawocho, mawu omwe ali pansi pake ayenera kupangidwa ndi galasi lojambula zithunzi, kuti asasokoneze mlingo.
8: Network, DRC cheke ndi cheke chapangidwe
Kuchokera muzojambula zowala kale, nthawi zambiri zimayenera kuyang'ana, kampani iliyonse idzakhala ndi Mndandanda wawo, kuphatikizapo mfundo, mapangidwe, kupanga ndi zina zofunika.Zotsatirazi ndi mawu oyamba kuchokera ku ntchito ziwiri zazikulu zowunika zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi pulogalamuyo.
9: Kujambula kowala kotulutsa
Musanayambe kujambula kujambula, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti veneer ndi mtundu waposachedwa womwe wamalizidwa ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zopanga.Mafayilo opangira zojambulajambula amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku fakitale ya bolodi kuti apange bolodi, fakitale ya stencil kupanga stencil, fakitale yowotcherera kuti ipange mafayilo, ndi zina.
Mafayilo otuluka ndi (kutenga bolodi la magawo anayi mwachitsanzo)
1).Wiring wosanjikiza: amatanthauza wosanjikiza wamba, makamaka mawaya.
Amatchedwa L1,L2,L3,L4,pamene L amaimira kusanjikiza kwa masanjidwewo.
2).Silk-screen layer: imatanthawuza fayilo yopangira makina opangira silika mulingo, nthawi zambiri zigawo zapamwamba ndi zapansi zimakhala ndi zida kapena logo, padzakhala mawonekedwe apamwamba a silika ndi kuwunika kwa silika.
Kutchula dzina: Chosanjikiza chapamwamba chimatchedwa SILK_TOP ;gawo la pansi limatchedwa SILK_BOTTOM .
3).Solder resist layer: imatanthawuza kusanjikiza mu fayilo yopangira yomwe imapereka chidziwitso chokonzekera zokutira mafuta obiriwira.
Kutchula dzina: Chosanjikiza chapamwamba chimatchedwa SOLD_TOP;gawo la pansi limatchedwa SOLD_BOTTOM.
4).Chosanjikiza cha stencil: chimatanthawuza mulingo wa fayilo yopangira yomwe imapereka chidziwitso chokonzekera zokutira phala la solder.Kawirikawiri, ngati pali zipangizo za SMD pamwamba ndi pansi, padzakhala chojambula chapamwamba cha stencil ndi pansi pa stencil.
Kutchula dzina: Chosanjikiza chapamwamba chimatchedwa PASTE_TOP ;chosanjikiza chapansicho chimatchedwa PASTE_BOTTOM.
5).Drill layer (ili ndi mafayilo awiri, fayilo yobowola ya NC DRILL CNC ndi zojambula za DRILL DRAWING)
adatchedwa NC DRILL ndi DRILL DRAWING motsatana.
10: Ndemanga yopepuka yojambula
Pambuyo linanena bungwe kujambula kuwala kwa kuwala kujambula review, Cam350 lotseguka ndi lalifupi dera ndi mbali zina za cheke pamaso kutumiza ku bolodi fakitale bolodi, kenako ayeneranso kulabadira uinjiniya bolodi ndi kuyankha vuto.
11: Zambiri za board ya PCB(Zidziwitso za utoto wa Gerber + Zofunikira pa bolodi la PCB + chithunzi cha board board)
12: PCB board fakitale engineering EQ chitsimikiziro(injiniya wa board ndi yankho lamavuto)
13: PCBA kuyika deta linanena bungwe(chidziwitso cha stencil, mapu oyika manambala, fayilo yogwirizanitsa zigawo)
Apa mayendedwe onse a polojekiti ya PCB yatha
PCB kapangidwe ndi ntchito mwatsatanetsatane, kotero kamangidwe ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri ndi oleza mtima, mokwanira kuganizira mbali zonse za zinthu, kuphatikizapo kamangidwe kuganizira kupanga msonkhano ndi processing, ndipo kenako atsogolere yokonza ndi nkhani zina.Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a zizolowezi zabwino zogwirira ntchito apangitsa kuti mapangidwe anu akhale omveka bwino, opangidwa bwino, osavuta kupanga komanso ochita bwino.Mapangidwe abwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku, ogula adzakhalanso otsimikizika komanso odalirika.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-26-2022